The Constitution
The foundational document of American democracy. Seven articles that established our government, defined its powers, and created the framework for our republic.
Preamble
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
In Plain English
We the American people created this Constitution to: build a better nation, ensure fairness, keep peace at home, defend the country, improve our communities, and protect freedom for ourselves and future generations.
Legislative Branch
Article I establishes Congress as the legislative branch of government, creating the House of Representatives and Senate, and defines their powers, duties, and limitations.
Executive Branch
Article II creates the office of the President, establishes the electoral college, and outlines executive powers including serving as Commander-in-Chief and appointing officials.
Judicial Branch
Article III establishes the federal court system, creates the Supreme Court, and outlines the jurisdiction and powers of federal judges.
States' Relations
Article IV defines the relationship between states and with the federal government, including full faith and credit, privileges and immunities, and admittance of new states.
Amendment Process
Article V describes how the Constitution can be amended, requiring either two-thirds of Congress plus three-fourths of states, or a constitutional convention.
Supremacy and Oaths
Article VI establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land and requires federal and state officials to swear allegiance to it.
Ratification
Article VII specified that the Constitution would take effect once ratified by nine of the thirteen original states, which occurred in 1788.
Historical Context
The Constitution of the United States was written in 1787 during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Drafted to replace the weak Articles of Confederation, it created a stronger federal government while maintaining a balance of power between the national government and the states.
The seven articles establish the three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial), define federal-state relationships, set forth the amendment process, establish the Constitution as supreme law, and provide for ratification. This structure, with its system of checks and balances, was designed to prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful.
The Constitution took effect in 1788 after ratification by nine states, and remains the world's longest-serving written national constitution. Its principles of federalism, separation of powers, and individual rights continue to guide American government today.